1. Uvod
U ovom kratkom primjeru demonstrirat ćemo kako pridružiti Debian na Windows Active Directory domain.
Koje pakete koristim:
Debian squeeze
samba 3.5.6
winbind 3.5.6
krb5-config 2.2
krb5-user 1.8.3
192.168.0.100 – Windows AD Server
192.168.0.200 – Debian server
MOJA.DOMENA – moja domena
2. Instalacija upravljačkih programa:
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aptitude install libkrb53 krb5-config krb5-user samba winbind ntpdate ntp |
3. Poslje instalacije zaustavite servise:
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/etc/init.d/samba stop /etc/init.d/winbind stop /etc/init.d/ntp stop |
4. Podešavanje Kerberos-a:
Active Directory koristi Kerberos protokol za svoje upite. Potreno je ažurirati datoteku /etc/krb5.conf.
Prva stvar koju trebate podesiti je Kerberos realm od vaše domene.
Primjer postavki:
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[libdefaults]
default_realm = MOJA.DOMENA
# The following krb5.conf variables are only for MIT Kerberos.
krb4_config = /etc/krb.conf
krb4_realms = /etc/krb.realms
kdc_timesync = 1
ccache_type = 4
forwardable = true
proxiable = true
# The following encryption type specification will be used by MIT Kerberos
# if uncommented. In general, the defaults in the MIT Kerberos code are
# correct and overriding these specifications only serves to disable new
# encryption types as they are added, creating interoperability problems.
#
# Thie only time when you might need to uncomment these lines and change
# the enctypes is if you have local software that will break on ticket
# caches containing ticket encryption types it doesn't know about (such as
# old versions of Sun Java).
# default_tgs_enctypes = des3-hmac-sha1
# default_tkt_enctypes = des3-hmac-sha1
# permitted_enctypes = des3-hmac-sha1
# The following libdefaults parameters are only for Heimdal Kerberos.
v4_instance_resolve = false
v4_name_convert = {
host = {
rcmd = host
ftp = ftp
}
plain = {
something = something-else
}
}
fcc-mit-ticketflags = true
dns_lookup_realm = false
dns_lookup_kdc = false
[realms]
MOJA.DOMENA = {
kdc = 192.168.0.100
admin_server = 192.168.0.100
}
[domain_realm]
.moja.domena = MOJA.DOMENA
moja.domena = MOJA.DOMENA
[login]
krb4_convert = true
krb4_get_tickets = false
|
5. Podesiti NTP
Kerberos protokol ovisi o protokolu NTP. Ako vrijeme na Debian serveru nije sinhronizirano sa “primary domain controller”, prijava neće biti dostupna. Vrijeme možete ručno sinhronizirati primjerom:
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ntpdate 192.168.11.100 |
Dodajte u /etc/ntp.conf vaš NTP server:
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# Moja domena server 192.168.0.100 |
Zatim pokrenite NTP sa:
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/etc/init.d/ntp start |
6. Podesite vaš DNS
Dodajte ActiveDirectory IP adresu u /etc/resolv.conf
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nameserver 192.168.0.100 |
7. Podesite Winbind
Uredite postavke pod grupom [global] u datoteci /etc/samba/smb.conf.
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# Global parameters [global] workgroup = MOJA realm = MOJA.DOMENA load printers = no preferred master = no local master = no server string = debian server password server = 192.168.0.100 encrypt passwords = true security = domain netbios name = debian client signing = Yes dns proxy = No wins server = 192.168.0.100 wins proxy = no idmap uid = 10000-20000 idmap gid = 10000-20000 winbind uid = 10000-20000 winbind gid = 10000-20000 template homedir = /home/%D/%U template shell = /bin/bash invalid users = root winbind separator = / winbind enum users = Yes winbind enum groups = Yes winbind use default domain = Yes socket options = TCP_NODELAY SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192 |
8. Podesi Nsswitch:
Postavke se nalaze u datoteci /etc/nsswitch.conf:
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# /etc/nsswitch.conf # # Example configuration of GNU Name Service Switch functionality. # If you have the `glibc-doc' and `info' packages installed, try: # `info libc "Name Service Switch"' for information about this file. passwd: compat winbind group: compat winbind shadow: compat hosts: files dns wins networks: files protocols: db files services: db files ethers: db files rpc: db files netgroup: nis |
Promjene možete aktivirati sa:
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ldconfig |
9. Dodjelite računalo domeni:
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net ads join -U Administrator |
10. Uredite PAM postavke:
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nano /etc/pam.d/common-account # treba imati sljedeće linije: account sufficient pam_winbind.so account required pam_unix.so |
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nano /etc/pam.d/common-auth # treba imati sljedeće linije: auth sufficient pam_unix.so auth required pam_winbind.so use_first_pass |
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nano /etc/pam.d/common-password # treba imati sličnu liniju - parametri password required pam_unix.so nullok obscure min=4 max=50 md5 |
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nano /etc/pam.d/common-session # treba imati sljedeću liniju: session required pam_mkhomedir.so umask=0022 skel=/etc/skel |
11. Restartajte servise sljedećim redosljedom;
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/etc/init.d/samba stop /etc/init.d/winbind stop /etc/init.d/samba start /etc/init.d/winbind start /etc/init.d/ssh restart |
12. Provjera
Provjerite dali imate pristup korisnicima wbinfo -u i grupama wbinfo -g sa vašeg AD-a
Korisne informacije o vašem statusu:
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net ads status |
Sad se možete probati prijaviti na AD sa ssh korisnik@192.168.0.200
Ako želite napustit domenu, koristite:
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net ads leave -U Administrator |